Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
China's historical civilization dates to at least the 13th century B.C., first under the Shang (to 1046 B.C.) and then the Zhou (1046-221 B.C.) dynasties. The imperial era of China began in 221 B.C. under the Qin Dynasty and lasted until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. During this period, China alternated between periods of unity and disunity under a succession of imperial dynasties. In the 19th century, the Qing Dynasty suffered heavily from overextension by territorial conquest, insolvency, civil war, imperialism, military defeats, and foreign expropriation of ports and infrastructure.
- Capital
- Beijing
- Government
- communist party-led state
- Population
- 1,407,181,209
- Area
- 9,596,960 sq km
- Location
- Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
- Climate
- extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
- Natural resources
- coal; iron ore; helium; petroleum; natural gas; arsenic…
- Languages
- Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua; based on the Beijing dialect); Yue (Cantonese)…
- Religions
- folk religion 21.9%; Buddhist 18.2%; Christian 5.1%; Muslim 1.8%…
- Independence
- 1 October 1949 (People's Republic of China established); notable earlier dates: 221 B.C.
- Administrative divisions
- 23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), 4 municipalities (shi, s…
- Currency
- Renminbi yuan (RMB)
- Export partners
- USA 13%; Hong Kong 8%; Japan 5%; Germany 5%…
- Import partners
- S. Korea 7%; USA 7%; Japan 6%; Australia 6%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain