Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
After Britain’s victory in the 1865 Duar War, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding land to British India. Ugyen WANGCHUCK -- who had served as the de facto ruler of an increasingly unified Bhutan and had improved relations with the British toward the end of the 19th century -- was named king in 1907. Three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs.
- Capital
- Thimphu
- Government
- constitutional monarchy
- Population
- 892,877
- Area
- 38,394 sq km
- Location
- Southern Asia, between China and India
- Climate
- varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
- Natural resources
- timber; hydropower; gypsum; calcium carbonate
- Languages
- Sharchopkha 28%; Dzongkha (official) 24%; Lhotshamkha 22%; other 26% (includes foreign languages)
- Religions
- Lamaistic Buddhist 75.3%; Indian- and Nepali-influenced Hinduism 22.1%; other 2.6%
- Independence
- 17 December 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king);
- Administrative divisions
- 20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Dagana, Gasa, Haa, Lhuentse, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatshel…
- Currency
- ngultrum (BTN)
- Export partners
- India 92%; Italy 4%; Indonesia 1%; China 1%…
- Import partners
- India 82%; Singapore 8%; China 5%; Thailand 2%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain