Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
The peoples of Mongolia have a long history under a number of nomadic empires dating back to the Xiongnu in the 4th century B.C., and the name Mongol goes back to at least the 11th century A.D. The most famous Mongol, TEMÜÜJIN (aka Genghis Khan), emerged as the ruler of all Mongols in the early 1200s. By the time of his death in 1227, he had created through conquest a Mongol Empire that extended across much of Eurasia.
- Capital
- Ulaanbaatar
- Government
- semi-presidential republic
- Population
- 3,281,676
- Area
- 1,564,116 sq km
- Location
- Northern Asia, between China and Russia
- Climate
- desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
- Natural resources
- oil; coal; copper; molybdenum; tungsten; phosphates…
- Languages
- Mongolian 90% (official; Khalkha dialect is predominant); Turkic; Russian
- Religions
- Buddhist 51.8%; no religion 40.6%; Muslim 3.2%; Shaman 2.5%…
- Independence
- 29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality, autonomy attained);
- Administrative divisions
- 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-U…
- Currency
- togrog/tugriks (MNT)
- Export partners
- China 92%; Switzerland 6%; Italy 1%; Thailand 0%…
- Import partners
- China 57%; Japan 13%; Germany 3%; Singapore 3%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain