Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a religious scholar known as the Supreme Leader, who is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts -- an elected 88-member body of clerics.
- Capital
- Tehran
- Government
- theocratic republic
- Population
- 89,177,357
- Area
- 1,648,195 sq km
- Location
- Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
- Climate
- mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
- Natural resources
- petroleum; natural gas; coal; chromium; copper; iron ore…
- Languages
- Persian Farsi (official); Azeri and other Turkic dialects; Kurdish; Gilaki and Mazandarani…
- Religions
- Muslim (official) 98.5%; Christian 0.7%; Baha'i 0.3%; agnostic 0.3%…
- Independence
- 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C.
- Administrative divisions
- 31 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (E…
- Currency
- Iranian rials (IRR)
- Export partners
- China 35%; Turkey 16%; India 8%; Pakistan 7%…
- Import partners
- China 34%; UAE 20%; Turkey 11%; Brazil 8%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain