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Turkmenistan

ChardzhouMaryAhalBalkanTashauzChardzhouMaryAhalBalkanTashauzIranUzbekistan
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Profile

Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.

Present-day Turkmenistan has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. Various Persian empires ruled the area in antiquity, and Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians conquered it. In medieval times, Merv (located in present-day Mary province) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmen territories later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik resistance in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic;

Capital
Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)
Government
presidential republic; authoritarian
Population
5,744,151
Area
488,100 sq km
Location
Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Climate
subtropical desert
Natural resources
petroleum; natural gas; sulfur; salt
Languages
Turkmen (official) 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%; other 7%
Religions
Muslim 93%; Christian 6.4%; Buddhist <1%; folk religion <1%…
Independence
27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Administrative divisions
5 provinces (velayatlar, singular - velayat) and 1 independent city*: Ahal Velayat (Arkadag), Ashgabat*, Balkan Velayat…
Currency
Turkmenistani manat (TMM)
Export partners
China 63%; Turkey 11%; Greece 7%; Uzbekistan 6%…
Import partners
Turkey 21%; UAE 21%; China 20%; Kazakhstan 8%…

Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain

Subdivisions

5 on file. Listed because operations, tax and reporting are usually organised at this level rather than nationally.

NameTypeCode
ChardzhouProvinceTM-L
MaryProvinceTM-M
AhalProvinceTM-A
BalkanProvinceTM-B
TashauzProvinceTM-D

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Before you travel

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Currency
Turkmenistani manat (TMM)
Languages
Turkmen (official) 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%; other 7%
Government
presidential republic; authoritarian
Climate
subtropical desert

Search each for Turkmenistan. Advisories are issued per country and change without notice; a link here is not an endorsement of travel.

Nearby

The closest countries on the map, by distance alone.