Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in increased democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. Internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels forced the USSR to withdraw in 1989.
- Capital
- Kabul
- Government
- theocratic; the United States does not recognize the Taliban Government
- Population
- 49,474,805
- Area
- 652,230 sq km
- Location
- Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran
- Climate
- arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
- Natural resources
- natural gas; petroleum; coal; copper; chromite; talc…
- Languages
- Afghan Persian or Dari (official; lingua franca) 77%; Pashto (official) 48%; Uzbeki 11%…
- Religions
- Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7 - 89.7%; Shia 10 - 15%); other <0.3%
- Independence
- 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)
- Administrative divisions
- 34 provinces (welayat, singular - welayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni…
- Currency
- afghanis (AFA)
- Export partners
- Pakistan 42%; India 40%; China 4%; UAE 2%…
- Import partners
- UAE 28%; Pakistan 15%; China 15%; Uzbekistan 12%…