Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during World War I and was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration in 1920. Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. It was proclaimed a republic in 1958 after a coup overthrew the monarchy, but in actuality, a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Hussein, from 1979 to 2003. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly war from 1980 to 1988.
- Capital
- Baghdad
- Government
- federal parliamentary republic
- Population
- 42,917,742
- Area
- 438,317 sq km
- Location
- Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
- Climate
- mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borde…
- Natural resources
- petroleum; natural gas; phosphates; sulfur
- Languages
- Arabic (official); Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present
- Religions
- Muslim (official) 95-98% (Shia 61-64%; Sunni 29-34%); Christian 1% (includes Catholic; Orthodox…
- Independence
- 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
- Administrative divisions
- 19 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah (Arabic); parezgakan, singular - parezga (Kurdish)); 'Al Anbar;
- Currency
- Iraqi dinars (IQD)
- Export partners
- China 33%; India 28%; USA 8%; Greece 5%…
- Import partners
- UAE 32%; China 20%; Turkey 18%; India 5%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain