Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. Syria united with Egypt in 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost control of the Golan Heights region to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional, albeit unsuccessful, peace talks over its return.
- Capital
- Damascus
- Government
- transitional presidential republic
- Population
- 24,261,882
- Area
- 187,437 sq km
- Location
- Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey
- Climate
- mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast;
- Natural resources
- petroleum; phosphates; chrome and manganese ores; asphalt; iron ore; rock salt…
- Languages
- Arabic (official); Kurdish; Armenian; Aramaic…
- Religions
- Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi; Ismaili; and Shia 13%)…
- Independence
- 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
- Administrative divisions
- 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah (Latakia), Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayd…
- Currency
- Syrian pounds (SYP)
- Export partners
- Turkey 29%; Saudi Arabia 16%; Lebanon 10%; India 10%…
- Import partners
- Turkey 49%; UAE 11%; China 8%; Egypt 7%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain