Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela that was named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When the union dissolved in 1830, Panama remained part of Colombia. With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land known as the Panama Canal Zone on either side of the structure. The US Army Corps of Engineers built the Panama Canal between 1904 and 1914.
- Capital
- Panama City
- Government
- presidential republic
- Population
- 4,536,008
- Area
- 75,420 sq km
- Location
- Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica
- Climate
- tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)
- Natural resources
- copper; mahogany forests; shrimp; hydropower
- Languages
- Spanish (official); Indigenous languages (including Ngabere (Guaymi); Buglere; Kuna…
- Religions
- Evangelical 55%; Roman Catholic 33.4%; none 10.1%; unspecified 1.5%
- Independence
- 3 November 1903 (from Colombia); 28 November 1821 (from Spain)
- Administrative divisions
- 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 4 indigenous regions* (comarcas);
- Currency
- balboas (PAB)
- Export partners
- China 25%; Japan 10%; USA 6%; Thailand 5%…
- Import partners
- USA 15%; Colombia 13%; China 13%; Ecuador 13%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain