Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including disease from mosquito-infested swamps, brutal heat, resistance from Indigenous populations, and pirate raids. It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two-and-a-half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica was one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared independence from Spain.
- Capital
- San José
- Government
- presidential republic
- Population
- 5,304,932
- Area
- 51,100 sq km
- Location
- Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama
- Climate
- tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands
- Natural resources
- hydropower
- Languages
- Spanish (official); English
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 47.5%; Evangelical and Pentecostal 19.8%; Jehovah's Witness 1.4%; other Protestant 1.2%…
- Independence
- 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
- Administrative divisions
- 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose
- Currency
- Costa Rican colones (CRC)
- Export partners
- USA 40%; Netherlands 6%; China 5%; Guatemala 4%…
- Import partners
- USA 38%; China 15%; Mexico 6%; Brazil 3%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain