Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
The native Taino -- who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed in 1492 -- were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices.
- Capital
- Port-au-Prince
- Government
- semi-presidential republic
- Population
- 11,898,812
- Area
- 27,750 sq km
- Location
- Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
- Climate
- tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
- Natural resources
- bauxite; copper; calcium carbonate; gold; marble; hydropower…
- Languages
- French (official); Creole (official)
- Religions
- Catholic 55%; Protestant 29%; Vodou 2.1%; other 4.6%…
- Independence
- 1 January 1804 (from France)
- Administrative divisions
- 10 departments (départements, singular - département); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Oues…
- Currency
- gourdes (HTG)
- Export partners
- USA 82%; Canada 4%; Mexico 2%; France 2%…
- Import partners
- USA 31%; Dominican Republic 23%; China 14%; Indonesia 4%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain