Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Long referred to as Nubia, modern-day Sudan was the site of the Kingdom of Kerma (ca. 2500-1500 B.C.) until it was absorbed into the New Kingdom of Egypt. By the 11th century B.C., the Kingdom of Kush gained independence from Egypt; it lasted in various forms until the middle of the 4th century A.D. After the fall of Kush, the Nubians formed three Christian kingdoms of Nobatia, Makuria, and Alodia, with the latter two enduring until around 1500. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, Arab nomads settled much of Sudan, leading to extensive Islamization between the 16th and 19th centuries.
- Capital
- Khartoum
- Government
- presidential republic
- Population
- 50,467,278
- Area
- 1,861,484 sq km
- Location
- north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
- Climate
- hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
- Natural resources
- petroleum; small reserves of iron ore; copper; chromium ore; zinc; tungsten…
- Languages
- Arabic (official); English (official); Nubian; Ta Bedawie…
- Religions
- Sunni Muslim; small Christian minority
- Independence
- 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)
- Administrative divisions
- 18 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Blue Nile, Central Darfur, East Darfur, Gedaref, Gezira, Kassala, Khartoum, Nor…
- Currency
- Sudanese pounds (SDG)
- Export partners
- UAE 21%; China 17%; Saudi Arabia 16%; Malaysia 9%…
- Import partners
- China 21%; India 19%; Egypt 16%; UAE 14%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain