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Peru

TacnaMadre de DiosLoretoAmazonasCajamarcaTumbesPiuraUcayaliPunoMoqueguaArequipaIcaLimaLima ProvinceCallaoÁncashLa LibertadLambayequeCuscoAyacuchoApurímacHuancavelicaSan MartínHuánucoPascoJunínTacnaMadre de DiosLoretoAmazonasCajamarcaTumbesPiuraUcayaliPunoMoqueguaArequipaIcaLimaLima ProvinceCallaoÁncashLa LibertadLambayequeCuscoAyacuchoApurímacHuancavelicaSan MartínHuánucoPascoJunínBrazilEcuadorPacific Ocean
Region boundary Selected Hover a region for its name

Profile

Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.

Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peru declared its independence in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces were defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980 but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity.

Capital
Lima
Government
presidential republic
Population
32,768,614
Area
1,285,216 sq km
Location
Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Climate
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Natural resources
copper; silver; gold; petroleum; timber; fish…
Languages
Spanish (official) 82.9%; Quechua (official) 13.6%; Aymara (official) 1.6%; Ashaninka 0.3%…
Religions
Catholic 76%; Evangelical Christian 15.7%; no religion 5.1%; other religions 3.2%
Independence
28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Administrative divisions
24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento), 1 province* (provincia), and 1 constitutional province** (provi…
Currency
nuevo sol (PEN)
Export partners
China 34%; USA 14%; Canada 5%; India 4%…
Import partners
China 26%; USA 21%; Brazil 7%; Argentina 5%…

Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain

Subdivisions

26 on file. Listed because operations, tax and reporting are usually organised at this level rather than nationally.

NameTypeCode
TacnaDepartmentPE-TAC
Madre de DiosDepartmentPE-MDD
LoretoDepartmentPE-LOR
AmazonasDepartmentPE-AMA
CajamarcaDepartmentPE-CAJ
TumbesDepartmentPE-TUM
PiuraDepartmentPE-PIU
UcayaliDepartmentPE-UCA
PunoDepartmentPE-PUN
MoqueguaDepartmentPE-MOQ
ArequipaDepartmentPE-ARE
IcaDepartmentPE-ICA
LimaDepartmentPE-LIM
Lima ProvinceCaptial DistrictPE-LIM
CallaoDepartamentoPE-CAL
ÁncashDepartmentPE-ANC
La LibertadDepartmentPE-LAL
LambayequeDepartmentPE-LAM
CuscoDepartmentPE-CUS
AyacuchoDepartmentPE-AYA
ApurímacDepartmentPE-APU
HuancavelicaDepartmentPE-HUV
San MartínDepartmentPE-SAM
HuánucoDepartmentPE-HUC
PascoDepartmentPE-PAS
JunínDepartmentPE-JUN

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Before you travel

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Currency
nuevo sol (PEN)
Languages
Spanish (official) 82.9%; Quechua (official) 13.6%; Aymara (official) 1.6%; Ashaninka 0.3%…
Government
presidential republic
Climate
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes

Search each for Peru. Advisories are issued per country and change without notice; a link here is not an endorsement of travel.

Nearby

The closest countries on the map, by distance alone.