Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830, the others being Ecuador and New Granada (Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, military strongmen ruled Venezuela and promoted the oil industry while allowing some social reforms. Democratically elected governments largely held sway until 1999, but Hugo CHAVEZ, who was president from 1999 to 2013, exercised authoritarian control over other branches of government.
- Capital
- Caracas
- Government
- federal presidential republic
- Population
- 31,755,435
- Area
- 912,050 sq km
- Location
- Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana
- Climate
- tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
- Natural resources
- petroleum; natural gas; iron ore; gold; bauxite; other minerals…
- Languages
- Spanish (official) 98.2%; indigenous 1.3%; Portuguese 0.1%; other 0.4%
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 48.1%; Protestant 31.6% (Evangelical 31.4%; Adventist 0.2%); Jehovah's Witness 1.4%…
- Independence
- 5 July 1811 (from Spain)
- Administrative divisions
- 23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia…
- Currency
- bolivars (VEB)
- Export partners
- USA 50%; China 10%; Spain 9%; Brazil 6%…
- Import partners
- China 35%; USA 24%; Brazil 12%; Colombia 7%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain