Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Aboriginal Australians arrived on the continent at least 60,000 years ago and developed complex hunter-gatherer societies and oral histories. Dutch navigators led by Abel TASMAN were the first Europeans to land in Australia in 1606, and they mapped the western and northern coasts. They named the continent New Holland but made no attempts to permanently settle it. In 1770, Englishman James COOK sailed to the east coast of Australia, named it New South Wales, and claimed it for Great Britain. In 1788 and 1825 respectively, Great Britain established New South Wales and then Tasmania as penal colonies.
- Capital
- Canberra
- Government
- federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
- Population
- 27,490,921
- Area
- 7,741,220 sq km
- Location
- Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
- Climate
- generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
- Natural resources
- alumina; coal; iron ore; copper; lithium; tin…
- Languages
- English 72%; Mandarin 2.7%; Arabic 1.4%; Vietnamese 1.3%…
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 20%; Protestant 18.1% (Anglican 9.8%; Uniting Church 2.6%; Presbyterian and Reformed 1.6%…
- Independence
- 1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies)
- Administrative divisions
- 6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Aust…
- Currency
- Australian dollars (AUD)
- Export partners
- China 37%; Japan 16%; S. Korea 6%; India 5%…
- Import partners
- China 26%; USA 11%; S. Korea 6%; Japan 6%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain