Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, which was modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. The major European powers have long honored Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality, and the country was not involved in either World War.
- Capital
- Bern
- Government
- federal republic (formally a confederation)
- Population
- 8,925,741
- Area
- 41,277 sq km
- Location
- Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy
- Climate
- temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional shower…
- Natural resources
- hydropower potential; timber; salt
- Languages
- German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%; French (official) 22.8%; Italian (official) 8%; English 5.7%…
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 34.4%; Protestant 22.5%; other Christian 5.7%; Muslim 5.4%…
- Independence
- 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)
- Administrative divisions
- 26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian;
- Currency
- Swiss francs (CHF)
- Export partners
- Germany 14%; China 12%; USA 11%; Italy 5%…
- Import partners
- Germany 17%; USA 9%; Italy 8%; France 6%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain