Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althingi, which was established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter-century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944.
- Capital
- Reykjavik
- Government
- unitary parliamentary republic
- Population
- 364,036
- Area
- 103,000 sq km
- Location
- Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom
- Climate
- temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
- Natural resources
- fish; hydropower; geothermal power; diatomite
- Languages
- Icelandic; English; Polish; Nordic languages…
- Religions
- Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 58.6% Roman Catholic 3.8%; Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.6%; Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 1.9%; pagan worship 1.5%…
- Independence
- 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown);
- Administrative divisions
- 64 municipalities (sveitarfelog, singular - sveitarfelagidh); Akranes, Akureyri, Arneshreppur, Asahreppur, Blaskogabyggd…
- Currency
- Icelandic kronur (ISK)
- Export partners
- Netherlands 27%; Germany 11%; USA 10%; UK 8%…
- Import partners
- Norway 11%; China 9%; Germany 9%; Netherlands 8%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain