Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries -- it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in 2004, formally joined the OECD in 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency in 2011.
- Capital
- Tallinn
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- Population
- 1,340,478
- Area
- 45,228 sq km
- Location
- Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
- Climate
- maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers
- Natural resources
- oil shale; peat; rare earth elements; phosphorite; clay; limestone…
- Languages
- Estonian (official) 67.2%; Russian 28.5%; other 3.7%; unspecified 0.6% (2021est.)
- Religions
- Orthodox 16.5%; Protestant 9.2% (Lutheran 7.7%; other Protestant 1.5%); other 3% (includes Roman Catholic…
- Independence
- 24 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 20 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union);
- Administrative divisions
- 15 urban municipalities (linnad, singular - linn), 64 rural municipalities (vallad, singular - vald) urban municipalitie…
- Currency
- euros (EUR)
- Export partners
- Finland 14%; Latvia 10%; Lithuania 9%; Sweden 7%…
- Import partners
- Finland 11%; Germany 11%; China 10%; Lithuania 6%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain